Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the chaty domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the redux-framework domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the redux-framework domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the wp-plugin-hostgator domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the wp-plugin-hostgator domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Deprecated: Return type of Recursive_ArrayAccess::offsetExists($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetExists(mixed $offset): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/youtube-showcase/assets/ext/emd-session/includes/class-recursive-arrayaccess.php on line 76

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Deprecated: Return type of Recursive_ArrayAccess::count() should either be compatible with Countable::count(): int, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/youtube-showcase/assets/ext/emd-session/includes/class-recursive-arrayaccess.php on line 202

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php:6131) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/youtube-showcase/assets/ext/emd-session/includes/class-emd-wp-session.php on line 134

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Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Redux_Text::$field is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/woo-iqonic-api/redux-framework/redux-core/inc/classes/class-redux-field.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Redux_Text::$select2_config is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/woo-iqonic-api/redux-framework/redux-core/inc/classes/class-redux-field.php on line 163

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Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Redux_Text::$select2_config is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/woo-iqonic-api/redux-framework/redux-core/inc/classes/class-redux-field.php on line 163

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Redux_Text::$field is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/woo-iqonic-api/redux-framework/redux-core/inc/classes/class-redux-field.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Redux_Text::$select2_config is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/woo-iqonic-api/redux-framework/redux-core/inc/classes/class-redux-field.php on line 163

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"أنتيفا".. سر الحركة التي تشعل التظاهرات وتخيف ترامب - Algerian Express

“أنتيفا”.. سر الحركة التي تشعل التظاهرات وتخيف ترامب


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الجيريان اكسبرس: دفعت المظاهرات الغاضبة في أنحاء الولايات المتحدة خلال الأيام الأخيرة باسم قد لا يبدو مألوفا للكثيرين هو “أنتيفا” إلى صدارة التقارير الإخبارية ونشرات ووسائل العالم.

ومنذ 5 أيام تتواصل التظاهرات في الولايات المتحدة بعد مقتل المواطن من أصل أفريقي، جورج فلويد، بأيدي أحد رجال الشرطة في مشهد صادم أشعل غضبا عالميا.

والأحد، قال الرئيس الأميركي دونالد ترامب إن حكومته ستصنف حركة “أنتيفا” منظمة إرهابية.

وأنتيفا كلمة ترمز إلى مبدأ “مناهضة الفاشية”، وتعد حركة سرية، لا توجد لها إدارة مركزية معروفة، ولا أعضاء مسجلين، وعادة ما ينظم أعضاؤها تحركاتهم بشكل عفوي، بعيدا عن أعين رجال الأمن والشرطة.

وتهدف الحركة إلى مناهضة العنصرية والرأسمالية والتمييز، وتميل في أسلوبها إلى العنف خلال الاحتجاجات.

ويتميز أنصارها بلبس اللون الأسود وبإخفاء وجوههم والظهور في الأحداث كملثمين.

ورغم أن حركة “أنتيفا” ظهرت مجددا مع قدوم الرئيس ترامب إلى البيت الأبيض بعد فوزه بانتخابات عام 2016، فإن جذورها تعود إلى سنوات بعيدة، وترجعها الدراسات السياسية تحديدا إلى الفترة التي تلت الحرب العالمية الأولى.

وقد ظهرت الحركة لأول مرة في إيطاليا لمناهضة الفاشية هناك في بداياتها عام 1919، والتي ترافقت مع تصاعد قمع الجمعيات الاشتراكية والعمالية في البلاد آنذاك.

وارتبط تاريخها بالدكتاتور الأشهر بينيتو موسوليني، إذ ظهرت لمواجهته، حين نجح في توحيد السلطة في ظل حزبه الوطني الفاشي.

وكان العديد من الزعماء المناهضين للفاشية في الولايات المتحدة من النقابيين، والاشتراكيين المهاجرين من إيطاليا، من ذوي الخبرة في تنظيم العمل والنضال القتالي.
ومن الناحية الإيديولوجية، تعتبر حركة أنتيفا نفسها خليفة للنشطاء المناهضين للنازية في القرن العشرين، وقد عادت تلك الحركات إلى الظهور في سبعينيات القرن ذاته من أجل معارضة “سيادة البيض” وحركة حليقي الرؤوس، ثم انتشرت في نهاية المطاف بالولايات المتحدة.

وتعرضت أعمال أنتيفا العنيفة لانتقادات عدة من المشرعين والمعلقين السياسيين، وسبق أن دانت نانسي بيلوسي، رئيسة مجلس النواب الأميركي، العنف الذي مارسه نشطاء أنتيفا، بينما تعددت الدعوات إلى تصنيفها منظمة إرهابية، وقد وصفها المفكر الشهير نعوم تشومسكي “بالهدية الثمينة لليمين”، على أساس أنشطتها المتطرفة التي تنفر وتخيف الناس من الحركات الاشتراكية واليسارية.

وتوجد مجموعات أنتيفا متعددة في الولايات المتحدة بأصول مختلفة، وفي مدينة منيابوليس بولاية مينيسوتا، حيث لقي جورج فلويد مصرعه واندلعت الاحتجاجات الأولى التي عمت البلاد لاحقا، تشكلت مجموعة تدعى “بالديز” عام 1987 بقصد محاربة جماعات النازيين الجدد.

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