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الاستفتاء على دستور الجزائر.. اختبار "حاسم" للرئيس والمعارضة - Algerian Express

الاستفتاء على دستور الجزائر.. اختبار “حاسم” للرئيس والمعارضة


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الجيريان اكسبرس: يمثل التصويت على دستور جديد في الجزائر في شهر نوفمبر المقبل نقطة تحول في بلد هزته احتجاجات واضطرابات سياسية ضخمة، ويكافح الآن لتجاوز تلك المرحلة المضطربة.

وبالنسبة للرئيس عبد المجيد تبون، سيمثل إقرار الدستور بداية جديدة تلقى الترحيب، بعد أن أطاحت المظاهرات الشعبية في العام الماضي بسلفه وعدد كبير من كبار المسؤولين.

أما بالنسبة للحركة المعارضة المسماة بالحراك، فسوف يظهر الاستفتاء على الدستور في الأول من نوفمبر حجم النفوذ الذي لا تزال تتمتع به الحركة، بعد أن أنهت احتجاجاتها حكم الرئيس السابق عبد العزيز بوتفليقة، الذي استمر 20 عاما، وإن فشلت في تحقيق طموحاتها في تغيير أكبر.

وكانت الاحتجاجات الشعبية الأسبوعية المطالبة بتغيير النخبة الحاكمة بالكامل قد تجمدت عندما ظهر وباء فيروس كورونا في البلاد في مارس الماضي.

وقال عبد العزيز جراد، رئيس الوزراء الجزائري الذي عينه تبون في يناير، أمام البرلمان في الآونة الأخيرة، إن الاستفتاء ينبغي أن يكون يوم توافق بين كل الجزائريين.

ويتفق هذا الكلام مع خطاب تبون الذي يعتبر المظاهرات الشعبية لحظة تجديد وطني أطاحت بالمسؤولين الفاسدين وانتهت الآن بتحقيق غاياتها.

وقال عبد الحميد سي عفيف، وهو من كبار أعضاء الحزب الحاكم، لرويترز، إن ما يطالب به الحراك متضمن في الدستور الجديد وإن من المهم إقراره.

رؤى مختلفة

غير أن شخصيات بارزة في الحراك الذي ليس له قائد يقوده لا ترى الأمر كما يراه تبون، رغم مرور ستة أشهر على آخر مرة خرجت فيها المظاهرات إلى الشوارع في وسط العاصمة الجزائرية.

فقد كان هدف هذه الشخصيات إبعاد جيل المسؤولين الذين حكموا البلاد منذ الاستقلال عام 1963 عن السلطة بالكامل مع الشخصيات العسكرية والأمنية التي يقولون إنها تمسك من وراء الستار بالزمام.

وترى شخصيات نافذة في الحراك، مثل إسلام بن عطية، أن الدستور لن يحقق شيئا يذكر من مطالبها، وتعتبر الاستفتاء وسيلة لتحييد الحركة.

وقال: “ما نعيشه اليوم هو حالة انسداد والدليل هو غياب التوافق حول أسمى وثيقة وهي وثيقة الدستور والذي سيعرض للاستفتاء من دون أي حوار حقيقي، بل هي وثيقة لم تخضع لشروط التوافق الحقيقي”.

حيرة الحراك

وعلى الصعيد الداخلي يبدو أن أنصار الحراك حائرون بين السعي لخروج المظاهرات إلى الشوارع من جديد والبحث عن وسائل أخرى لنصرة قضيتهم.

ويمنح الدستور الذي اقترحه تبون البرلمان المزيد من السلطات للتدقيق في أعمال الحكومة، ويمنع الرئيس من تولي الرئاسة لأكثر من فترتين. وقد تم إقرار الدستور في تصويت برلماني رغم بعض المعارضة.

ويعتبر كثيرون ممن خرجوا للمشاركة في الاحتجاجات أن الدستور ليس هو محل الخلاف على أي حال، إذ إن المهم بالنسبة لهم ليس القوانين وأسلوب صياغتها، وإنما المشكلة فيمن يطبقها والأسلوب الذي يطبقها به.

ويشير كل شيء إلى أن الاستفتاء في نوفمبر سيتشابه كثيرا مع التصويت الذي أجري في ديسمبر عندما انتخب تبون.

وكان الحراك قد عارض التصويت في ذلك الحين أيضا، وقال إنه لا يمكن أن تكون الانتخابات نزيهة إلا بعد إبعاد النخبة الحاكمة عن السلطة وابتعاد الجيش عن السياسة.

إلا أن تبون حصل على أغلبية، وإن كانت نسبة الإقبال قد بلغت 40 في المئة فقط حسب الأرقام الرسمية. وحتى قبل توقف الاحتجاجات بسبب الجائحة قال شهود شاركوا فيها إن أعداد المشاركين بدأت في التراجع.

وفي الوقت نفسه أصدرت المحاكم أحكاما بسحن عدد من كبار المسؤولين بتهم فساد، وتوفي قائد الجيش ألد خصوم بعض المحتجين بأزمة قلبية.

وسمح ذلك لتبون بتقديم إدارته كفريق إصلاحي جديد، رغم أن بعض المحتجين رفضوها، كما سمح له بطرح الاستفتاء باعتباره المرحلة التالية في عملية الإصلاح.

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