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Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the redux-framework domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the wp-plugin-hostgator domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the wp-plugin-hostgator domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

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دراسة مفاجئة: الخفافيش مصاصة الدماء "تتباعد اجتماعيا" لدى مرضها لمنع انتقال العدوى! - Algerian Express

دراسة مفاجئة: الخفافيش مصاصة الدماء “تتباعد اجتماعيا” لدى مرضها لمنع انتقال العدوى!


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الجيريان اكسبرس: توصلت دراسة جديدة إلى أن الخفافيش البرية مصاصة الدماء “تتباعد اجتماعيا” عندما تكون مريضة بقضاء وقت أقل في مجتمعها.

وفي البرية، قام باحثون أمريكيون بحقن الخفافيش بالسموم الداخلية، والتي تحفز الاستجابة المناعية، مع تثبيت أجهزة استشعار بها وتسجيل تحركاتها.

ووجدوا أن الكائنات المريضة ترتبط بعدد أقل من الأفراد في المجموعة، وتقضي وقتا أقل معها، وكانت أقل ارتباطا اجتماعيا بالأعداد الأصحاء.

ويقول الخبراء إن التباعد الاجتماعي الناتج عن المرض لدى الحيوانات، لا يتطلب التعاون من الآخرين وربما يكون شائعا عبر الأنواع.

ويقول الخبراء في ورقتهم البحثية المنشورة في علم البيئة السلوكية (Behavioral Ecology): “عندما تمرض الحيوانات، فإنها غالبا ما تصادف عددا أقل من الأفراد. تتبعنا تأثير “التباعد الاجتماعي” غير المقصود ساعة بساعة في مستعمرة برية من الخفافيش مصاصة الدماء. ونظرا لأن تقنية التتبع تعمل على تحسين القدرة على إنشاء شبكات اجتماعية ديناميكية للحيوانات، من مجموعات بيانات كبيرة وعالية الدقة، نتوقع من الباحثين اكتساب رؤى جديدة حول الأنماط والعمليات الكامنة وراء انتشار مسببات الأمراض أو المعلومات أو الحالات السلوكية”.

والتقط الباحثون 31 أنثى بالغة من الخفافيش مصاصة الدماء من شجرة جوفاء في لاماني، بليز في أمريكا الوسطى.

وقام الفريق بحقن نصف الخفافيش بسموم داخلية، تُعرف أيضا باسم عديدات السكاريد الدهنية، وهي مادة تتحدى المناعة، لإصابتها بالمرض، بينما تلقى النصف الآخر حقنا بمحلول ملحي غير ضار.

وقال المعد الرئيسي للدراسة، سيمون ريبرغر في جامعة ولاية أوهايو: “منحتنا المستشعرات نافذة جديدة مذهلة على كيفية تغير السلوك الاجتماعي لهذه الخفافيش من ساعة إلى ساعة وحتى من دقيقة إلى أخرى، خلال النهار والليل، حتى عندما تكون مختبئة في ظلام شجرة جوفاء. وانتقلنا من جمع البيانات كل يوم إلى كل بضع ثوان”.

وتتبع الفريق التغييرات بمرور الوقت في الارتباطات بين الخفافيش المريضة الستة عشر، التي تلقت حقن السموم الداخلية، وخفافيش التحكم الخمسة عشر.

وفي الساعات الست التي أعقبت الحقن، ارتبط الخفاش المريض في المتوسط ​​بأربعة مساعدين أقل من الخفافيش، التي حُقنت بمحلول ملحي.

وخلال فترة العلاج، أمضت الخفافيش المريضة أيضا 25 دقيقة أقل في الارتباط بشريك آخر.

وتراجعت هذه الاختلافات بعد فترة العلاج، وعندما كانت الخفافيش نائمة أو تبحث عن الطعام.

وسبق للعلماء أن رأوا سلوك التباعد الاجتماعي في ظروف المختبر، لكنهم أرادوا معرفة ما إذا كان ذلك يحدث في البرية.

وكشفت هذه الدراسات أن الخفافيش المحقونة بالسموم الداخلية كانت تعاني من تحديات فيزيولوجية مناعية، وتنام أكثر، وتتحرك أقل، وتنخرط في الاستمالة الاجتماعية مع عدد أقل من الشركاء في القفص، بل وتصدر عددا أقل من الترددات الصوتية لزملائها.

ويقول الفريق: “في هذه التجربة الميدانية، أظهرنا أن تأثيرات السلوك المرضي تمتد إلى فترات الارتباط القائمة على التقارب والاتصال بالشبكات الاجتماعية في البيئة الطبيعية”.

وبالتالي، يمكن للسلوك المرضي أن يبطئ انتشار العامل الممرض الذي ينتقل باحتمالية أعلى بمعدلات أعلى من الاتصال الجسدي (على سبيل المثال، الاستمالة) أو التقارب.

المصدر: ديلي ميل

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