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دراسة..علماء يزعمون تحور فيروس كورونا لكنه لا ينتشر بشكل أسرع - Algerian Express

دراسة..علماء يزعمون تحور فيروس كورونا لكنه لا ينتشر بشكل أسرع


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ألجيريان إكسبرس: زعم فريق من العلماء أن فيروس كورونا تحور ولكن السلالات الجديدة لا تجعله ينتشر بشكل أسرع.

وقال العلماء إن الفيروس سيتغير بمرور الوقت وذكروا أن الناس بحاجة إلى البقاء “يقظين” ضد السلالات الجديدة.

وأشار خبراء في جامعة كوليدج لندن (UCL) إلى أن الإدخال الوشيك للقاحات يمكن أن “يفرض ضغوطا انتقائية جديدة على الفيروس”، كما يزعمون، ما قد يؤدي إلى طفرات لا تستجيب للتطعيمات.

وتستند نتائج بحث جامعة كوليدج لندن إلى جينومات الفيروس التاجي، أو المواد الوراثية، الماخوذة من أكثر من 46 ألف مصاب بـ”كوفيد-19” من 99 دولة.

ونُشر البحث في مجلة Nature Communications، وقال المؤلف الرئيسي البروفيسور فرانسوا بالو، من جامعة كوليدج لندن، إن الفريق واثق من مقدرته على اكتشاف التغيرات في الطفرات في الوقت المناسب لتحديث اللقاحات.

وقال: “قد يكتسب الفيروس طفرات لقاح في المستقبل، لكننا على ثقة من أننا سنكون قادرين على الإبلاغ عنها على الفور، ما سيسمح بتحديث اللقاحات في الوقت المناسب إذا لزم الأمر”.

وأضافت المؤلفة الأولى، الدكتورة لوسي فان دورب، من المعهد الوراثي التابع لجامعة كوليدج لندن: “لا تؤدي أي من هذه الطفرات إلى انتشار كوفيد-19 بسرعة أكبر، لكننا بحاجة إلى أن نظل يقظين ومواصلة مراقبة الطفرات الجديدة، لا سيما مع طرح اللقاحات”.

ويذكر الباحثون أن الطفرات في فيروس كورونا يمكن أن تتطور بثلاث طرق، وهي: أخطاء ناتجة عن أخطاء النسخ حيث يكرر الفيروس نفسه داخل جسم الإنسان. ومن خلال التفاعلات مع الفيروسات الأخرى التي تصيب نفس الخلية. والتغيرات التي يسببها الجهاز المناعي للمضيف أو الشخص.

وحلل خبراء وعلماء جامعة كوليدج لندن و مركز التعاون الدولي في البحوث الزراعية من أجل التنمية الفرنسي، و جامعة لا ريونيون الفرنسية، وجامعة أكسفورد، مجموعة بيانات عالمية لجينومات Sars-Cov-2 من 46723 شخصا، تم جمعها حتى نهاية يوليو 2020. وحددوا حتى الآن 12706 طفرة في Sars-Cov-2.

ولكن هذا لا يعني أن هناك 12706 نسخة مختلفة من الفيروس، حيث يوضح الخبراء أن الطفرات حدثت بشكل متكرر في 398 حالة من الحالات.

ولم يجد الخبراء أي دليل على أن هذه الطفرات الشائعة كانت تجعل انتشار الفيروس أسهل.

ومع ذلك، فقد ذكروا أن الطفرات الأكثر شيوعا تكون محايدة بالنسبة للفيروس، بما في ذلك طفرة واحدة في بروتين spike تسمى D614G.

ووجد الفريق أن الطفرات الشائعة تحدث بشكل رئيسي عن طريق الجهاز المناعي بدلا من الفيروس الذي يتكيف مع المضيف البشري.

ومع ذلك، أضافوا أن هذا يتناقض مع ما حدث عندما قفز Sars-Cov-2 لاحقا من البشر إلى حيوانات المنك المستزرعة.

وقالت الدكتورة فان دورب: “عندما حللنا جينومات الفيروس المأخوذة من المنك، شعرنا بالدهشة لرؤية نفس الطفرة تظهر مرارا وتكرارا في مزارع المنك المختلفة، على الرغم من أن هذه الطفرات نفسها نادرا ما لوحظت في البشر من قبل”.

ومن المحتمل أن يتسبب اللقاح في حدوث انفجار في طفرات الفيروس التاجي، وهو رد فعل طبيعي ولكنه مثير للقلق.

ونظرا لأن الفيروس يدافع عن نفسه ويحاول تجنب الانقراض، فقد يتسبب في انتشار سلالة جديدة قد لا تتمكن أجسامنا المضادة الحالية من حمايتنا منها.

وأشار خبراء في جامعة كاليفورنيا في لوس أنجلوس أن “كوفيد-19” سيصبح أكثر شيوعا بين البشر، لكن هذا لا يعني أن الفيروس سيصبح ضارا بعد الآن.

وأضافت فان دورب: “يبدو أن الفيروس مهيأ بشكل جيد للانتقال بين البشر، وربما وصل بالفعل إلى لياقته المثلى في المضيف البشري بحلول الوقت الذي تم تحديده على أنه فيروس جديد”.

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