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Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the redux-framework domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the redux-framework domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the wp-plugin-hostgator domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the wp-plugin-hostgator domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

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بلوتو يدهش العلماء بغلافه الجوي - Algerian Express

بلوتو يدهش العلماء بغلافه الجوي


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الجيريان اكسبرس:  يُعرف الغلاف الجوي لبلوتو، منذ وقت طويل، بأنه عبارة عن طبقة رقيقة من الغازات، إلا أنه قد يكون أكثر مرونة مما اعتقد العلماء.

وينشأ الغلاف الجوي الرقيق للكوكب القزم من خلال تبخر الجليد السطحي، ما يؤدي إلى ارتفاع النيتروجين وكميات صغيرة من الميثان وأول أكسيد الكربون. وهذا التبخير مدفوع بضوء الشمس، الذي تختلف شدته بشكل كبير خلال رحلة بلوتو الإهليلجية (بيضاوية الشكل للغاية)، لمدة 248 عاما حول الشمس.

ويعتقد العديد من العلماء أن الغلاف الجوي لبلوتو يتشقق ويتلاشى بشكل كبير نتيجة لذلك، وربما ينهار تماما عندما يكون الكوكب القزم في أبعد نقطة عن الشمس. ومع ذلك، فإن النتائج التي تم نشرها مؤخرا استنادا إلى ملاحظات من المرصد الستراتوسفيري لعلم الفلك بالأشعة تحت الحمراء (SOFIA) التابع لناسا، قد تجبر العلماء على إعادة التفكير في مثل هذه المفاهيم.

وقال مؤلف الدراسة مايكل بيرسون، مدير مرصد والاس الفلكي بمعهد ماساتشوستس للتكنولوجيا، في بيان: “كانت هناك تلميحات في ملاحظات سابقة عن بعد بأنه قد يكون هناك ضباب، ولكن لم يكن هناك دليل قوي يؤكد وجوده بالفعل حتى جاءت البيانات من SOFIA”.

ويأتي معظم ما نعرفه عن هذا الغلاف الجوي، وبلوتو نفسه، من قبل مهمة “نيو أوريزون” التابعة لوكالة ناسا، التي حلقت بجوار الكوكب القزم في يوليو 2015.

وقبل أسبوعين من ذلك التحليق الملحمي، حصلت SOFIA على نظرة بعيدة المدى على جو بلوتو، حيث تدرس الكوكب القزم أثناء حالة غامضة تشبه الكسوف، عندما يلقي بلوتو بظلال باهتة على سطح الأرض أثناء مروره أمام نجم بعيد.

وتُعرف SOFIA، بأنها طائرة نفاثة معدلة من طراز بوينغ 747 ومجهزة بتلسكوب يبلغ عرضه 2.7 متر، يحدق في ضوء النجوم المتدفقة عبر الغلاف الجوي لبلوتو.

وكان هذا “الغموض” مرئيا لمدة دقيقتين فقط، من رقعة صغيرة من المحيط الهادئ بالقرب من نيوزيلندا.

وقال ويليام ريتش، المدير المساعد للعمليات العلمية في SOFIA، في البيان نفسه: “لقد وصلنا إلى ظل بلوتو في الوقت المناسب تماما وسعدنا جدا لتحقيق هذا!”.

ولاحظت SOFIA الطبقات الوسطى لجو بلوتو في أطوال موجات الأشعة تحت الحمراء والضوء المرئي، وبعد فترة وجيزة، قامت المركبة الفضائية “نيو أوريزون” بفحص طبقات الغلاف الجوي العلوية والسفلية باستخدام موجات الراديو والضوء فوق البنفسجي.

وهذه الملاحظات المجمعة، التي تم التقاطها في وقت متقارب جدا، قدمت الصورة الأكثر اكتمالا حتى الآن لجو بلوتو.

وجدت مهمة “نيو أوريزون” دليلا على الجسيمات، التي تتشكل عاليا في الغلاف الجوي (أكثر من 20 ميلا فوق السطح)، حيث يتفاعل غاز الميثان والغازات الأخرى مع ضوء الشمس، قبل أن تمطر ببطء إلى السطح الجليدي. وذلك عندما أعادت صورا تظهر ضبابا أزرق اللون في جو بلوتو.

والآن، تضيف بيانات SOFIA المزيد من التفاصيل من خلال اكتشاف أن الجسيمات صغيرة للغاية، بسماكة 0.06-0.10 ميكرون فقط، أو أصغر بحوالي 1000 مرة من عرض شعرة الإنسان.

وبسبب صغر حجمها، فإنها تبعثر الضوء الأزرق أكثر من الألوان الأخرى عندما تنجرف نحو السطح، ما يخلق اللون الأزرق.

ومع هذه الرؤى الجديدة، يعيد العلماء تقييم توقعاتهم بشأن مصير الغلاف الجوي لبلوتو. وأشارت العديد من التوقعات إلى أنه مع تحرك الكواكب القزمة بعيدا عن الشمس، سيتبخر الجليد السطحي أقل، ما يؤدي إلى تقليل عدد الغازات الجوية مع استمرار الخسائر في الفضاء، ما يؤدي في النهاية إلى انهيار الغلاف الجوي. ولكن بدلا من الانهيار، فإنه من المرجح أن ضباب بلوتو يتطور على فترات زمنية قصيرة، ويتلاشى ويزداد سمكا على مدار عدد قليل فقط من السنوات.

وتشير هذه الدورة القصيرة إلى أن شيئا آخر غير مسافة بلوتو عن الشمس هو الذي يقود وفرة جسيمات الضباب.

وقال بيرسون: “ما زلنا لا نفهم الكثير، لكننا مضطرون الآن إلى إعادة النظر في التوقعات السابقة. قد ينهار جو بلوتو بشكل أبطأ مما كان متوقعا في السابق، أو ربما لا ينهار على الإطلاق. علينا أن نواصل مراقبته لمعرفة ذلك”.

المصدر: ساينس

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