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غسل الملابس يطلق 175 ألف طن من الألياف الاصطناعية على الأرض كل عام - Algerian Express

غسل الملابس يطلق 175 ألف طن من الألياف الاصطناعية على الأرض كل عام


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الجيريان اكسبرس: توصلت دراسة جديدة إلى أن غسل الملابس يلوث الأرض بنحو 175 ألف طن من الألياف الاصطناعية كل عام، بالإضافة إلى التلوث البلاستيكي الدقيق الذي يصل البحار.

ويمكن أن تساعد النتائج التي توصل إليها الباحثون من الولايات المتحدة في إيجاد حلول فعالة لوقف انتشار الألياف الاصطناعية، مع توسيع فهمنا لتأثيرها.
ويبلغ طول هذه الألياف أقل من خمسة ملليمترات، ويتم إنتاج ألياف دقيقة في كل خطوة من خطوات عملية تصنيع الملابس، ويتم تحريرها عند غسل الملابس في الغسالة.

وقالت جينا غافيغان من جامعة كاليفورنيا، في سانتا باربرا: “من غير المرجح أن تكون إزالة الألياف الدقيقة من البيئة على نطاق واسع مجدية تقنيا أو مجدية اقتصاديا، لذلك يجب أن يكون التركيز على منع الانبعاثات”.

وأضافت: “نظرا لأن محطات معالجة مياه الصرف الصحي لا تقلل بالضرورة من الانبعاثات إلى البيئة، فإن تركيزنا يحتاج إلى تقليل الانبعاثات قبل دخولها في مجرى مياه الصرف الصحي”.

وتعد الأقمشة الصناعية، مثل البوليستر والنايلون، أكثر الألياف استخداما في صناعة النسيج، حيث تمثل أكثر من 60% من المواد المستخدمة في إنتاج الملابس في جميع أنحاء العالم.

ويستخدم نحو 15% من جميع أنواع البلاستيك في صناعة الألياف الاصطناعية، وخاصة الملابس.

بينما تم الكثير من الاهتمام للتلوث البلاستيكي في محيطاتنا، وإيلاء اهتمام أقل للكمية التي يتم إلقاؤها على الأرض، والتي أصبحت الآن أعلى.

ويتم تصفية المياه المليئة بالألياف في محطات معالجة مياه الصرف الصحي بعد غسل الملابس ميكانيكيا.

كما يقع التقاط معظم الكريات البلاستيكية جنبا إلى جنب مع ما يسمى بالحمأة الصلبة الحيوية، والتي غالبا ما تنتشر فوق الأراضي الزراعية أو تُدفن في مكب النفايات.

وفي دراستهم، قام الباحثون بدمج البيانات المتعلقة بالإنتاج العالمي للبلاستيك واستهلاكه وإطلاقه مع كمية الألياف الدقيقة التي يتم إطلاقها عند غسل الملابس باليد وبالآلة.

كما درسوا كيفية التعامل مع الألياف الدقيقة في محطات معالجة مياه الصرف الصحي ومصير حمأة مياه الصرف (الحمأة هي مخلفات ناتجة عن معالجة وتنقية المياه سواء في مياه الشرب أو مياه الصرف الصحي).

وقالت غافيغان: “أظهرت حساباتنا أنه تم إطلاق ما يقرب من 5.6 مليون طن متري من الألياف الدقيقة الاصطناعية من غسيل الملابس بين عام 1950، بداية الاستخدام الواسع للألياف الاصطناعية، وعام 2016”. وأضافت أنه تم إطلاق نصف هذا الرقم “في السنوات العشر الماضية”.

وانتهى ما يقارب نصف الألياف الدقيقة على الأرض، إما على السطح، بإجمالي 1.9 مليون طن، أو في مكبات النفايات، إلى كمية 606 ألف طن.

ويقع التخلص من نحو 176 ألف طن من الألياف البلاستيكية على الأرض مقابل 165 ألف طن في المسطحات المائية.

وعلق الخبير أوليفر جونز من RMIT: “هذه الورقة ليست الصورة الكاملة حيث يتم التنبؤ بالبيانات بدلا من قياسها، وكان على المؤلفين تقدير وضع افتراضات في حالة عدم توفر البيانات الأولية”.

وتابع: “حتى لو كانت نتائجهم مبالغا فيها، فإنها لا تزال مصدر قلق وشيئا نحتاج حقا إلى معالجته عاجلا وليس آجلا”.

المصدر: ديلي ميل

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