Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the chaty domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the redux-framework domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the redux-framework domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the wp-plugin-hostgator domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the wp-plugin-hostgator domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Deprecated: Return type of Recursive_ArrayAccess::offsetExists($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetExists(mixed $offset): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/youtube-showcase/assets/ext/emd-session/includes/class-recursive-arrayaccess.php on line 76

Deprecated: Return type of Recursive_ArrayAccess::offsetGet($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetGet(mixed $offset): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/youtube-showcase/assets/ext/emd-session/includes/class-recursive-arrayaccess.php on line 89

Deprecated: Return type of Recursive_ArrayAccess::offsetSet($offset, $data) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/youtube-showcase/assets/ext/emd-session/includes/class-recursive-arrayaccess.php on line 103

Deprecated: Return type of Recursive_ArrayAccess::offsetUnset($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetUnset(mixed $offset): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/youtube-showcase/assets/ext/emd-session/includes/class-recursive-arrayaccess.php on line 125

Deprecated: Return type of Recursive_ArrayAccess::current() should either be compatible with Iterator::current(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/youtube-showcase/assets/ext/emd-session/includes/class-recursive-arrayaccess.php on line 143

Deprecated: Return type of Recursive_ArrayAccess::next() should either be compatible with Iterator::next(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/youtube-showcase/assets/ext/emd-session/includes/class-recursive-arrayaccess.php on line 165

Deprecated: Return type of Recursive_ArrayAccess::key() should either be compatible with Iterator::key(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/youtube-showcase/assets/ext/emd-session/includes/class-recursive-arrayaccess.php on line 154

Deprecated: Return type of Recursive_ArrayAccess::valid() should either be compatible with Iterator::valid(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/youtube-showcase/assets/ext/emd-session/includes/class-recursive-arrayaccess.php on line 187

Deprecated: Return type of Recursive_ArrayAccess::rewind() should either be compatible with Iterator::rewind(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/youtube-showcase/assets/ext/emd-session/includes/class-recursive-arrayaccess.php on line 176

Deprecated: Return type of Recursive_ArrayAccess::count() should either be compatible with Countable::count(): int, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/youtube-showcase/assets/ext/emd-session/includes/class-recursive-arrayaccess.php on line 202

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php:6131) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/youtube-showcase/assets/ext/emd-session/includes/class-emd-wp-session.php on line 134

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property ReduxFramework::$core_instance is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/woo-iqonic-api/redux-framework/redux-core/inc/classes/class-redux-args.php on line 202

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property ReduxFramework::$core_thread is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/woo-iqonic-api/redux-framework/redux-core/inc/classes/class-redux-args.php on line 203

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property NewfoldLabs\WP\Module\ComingSoon::$container is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/wp-plugin-hostgator/vendor/newfold-labs/wp-module-coming-soon/includes/coming-soon.php on line 17

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Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Redux_Select::$field is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/woo-iqonic-api/redux-framework/redux-core/inc/classes/class-redux-field.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Redux_Select::$select2_config is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/woo-iqonic-api/redux-framework/redux-core/inc/classes/class-redux-field.php on line 163

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Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Redux_Slides::$select2_config is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/woo-iqonic-api/redux-framework/redux-core/inc/classes/class-redux-field.php on line 163

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Redux_Slides::$field is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/woo-iqonic-api/redux-framework/redux-core/inc/classes/class-redux-field.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Redux_Slides::$select2_config is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/woo-iqonic-api/redux-framework/redux-core/inc/classes/class-redux-field.php on line 163

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Redux_Text::$field is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/woo-iqonic-api/redux-framework/redux-core/inc/classes/class-redux-field.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Redux_Text::$select2_config is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/woo-iqonic-api/redux-framework/redux-core/inc/classes/class-redux-field.php on line 163

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Redux_Text::$field is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/woo-iqonic-api/redux-framework/redux-core/inc/classes/class-redux-field.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Redux_Text::$select2_config is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/woo-iqonic-api/redux-framework/redux-core/inc/classes/class-redux-field.php on line 163

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Redux_Text::$field is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/woo-iqonic-api/redux-framework/redux-core/inc/classes/class-redux-field.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Redux_Text::$select2_config is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/woo-iqonic-api/redux-framework/redux-core/inc/classes/class-redux-field.php on line 163

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Redux_Text::$field is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/woo-iqonic-api/redux-framework/redux-core/inc/classes/class-redux-field.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Redux_Text::$select2_config is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/woo-iqonic-api/redux-framework/redux-core/inc/classes/class-redux-field.php on line 163

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Redux_Text::$field is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/woo-iqonic-api/redux-framework/redux-core/inc/classes/class-redux-field.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Redux_Text::$select2_config is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/woo-iqonic-api/redux-framework/redux-core/inc/classes/class-redux-field.php on line 163

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Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Redux_Text::$select2_config is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/woo-iqonic-api/redux-framework/redux-core/inc/classes/class-redux-field.php on line 163

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Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Redux_Textarea::$select2_config is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/woo-iqonic-api/redux-framework/redux-core/inc/classes/class-redux-field.php on line 163

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Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Redux_Import_Export::$is_field is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/woo-iqonic-api/redux-framework/redux-core/inc/extensions/import_export/import_export/class-redux-import-export.php on line 35
قبل قرن من إصابة ترامب.. قصة رئيس أميركي أصيب بوباء - Algerian Express

قبل قرن من إصابة ترامب.. قصة رئيس أميركي أصيب بوباء


Deprecated: preg_split(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($limit) of type int is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/themes/jannah/framework/functions/post-functions.php on line 761

الجيريان اكسبرس: لا يعد دونالد ترامب الرئيس الأميركي الأول الذي أصيب بوباء خطير، حيث سبقه في ذلك وودرو ويلسون الذي عانى من “الإنفلونزا الإسبانية”.

فعندما اجتاح العالم فيروس تنفسي عرف باسم “الإنفلونزا الإسبانية” قبل قرن من الزمان وفي ذروة الحرب العالمية الأولى القوات الأميركية، تزايدت معدلات الإصابات بشكل كبير، ليتحول إلى جائحة تسببت بوفاة 675 ألف شخص بالولايات المتحدة لوحدها.

وتسبب “الإنفلونزا الإسبانية” على غرار فيروس كورونا المستجد عام 1918 بتعطيل الحياة بمختلف المجالات على نحو غير مسبوق.

وكما أصيب ترامب، بكوفيد-19، فقد حصل ذات الشيء مع الرئيس الأميركي الأسبق، وودرو ويلسون، الذي أصيب بـ”الإنفلونزا الإسبانية” إلى جانب عدد من مساعديه.

ونقلت شبكة “سي إن إن” الأميركية عن مؤلف كتاب “الإنفلونزا العظمى: قصة الوباء الأكثر دموية في التاريخ”، جون إم باري، قوله إن الرئيس ويلسون لم يصدر أي تصريح علني بشأن الوباء.

وأضاف باري “من أجل الحفاظ على الروح المعنوية خلال الحرب، كذبت الحكومة. قال مسؤولو الصحة العامة إنها مجرد إنفلونزا عادية، وحاولوا التقليل من شدتها. ونتيجة لذلك، توفي أكبر عدد من الناس”.

وخلافا لرأي باري، أوضح الطبيب والمؤرخ بجامعة ميشيغن، هوارد ماركل، أن الرئيس ويلسون لم يقلّل من خطورة الوباء، لكن الحكومة الفيدرالية كانت محدودة القدرات ولها دور صغير في ميدان الصحة.

وبيّن ماركل أنه في زمن ويلسون لم تكن هناك وكالات صحية فيدرالية مثل مراكز السيطرة على الأمراض والوقاية منها أو المعاهد الوطنية للصحة.

وتابع قائلا: “دور الحكومة كان يقتصر على إدارة شؤون الحرب وسنّ القانون الفيدرالي، بينما تولت الحكومات المحلية مهمة إدارة القضايا الصحية”.

ولم يكن ويلسون يتمتع بصحة جيدة عندما أصيب بالإنفلونزا الإسبانية في عمر الـ63، أثناء وجوده في باريس عام 1919 ليفاوض على معاهدة السلام، حيث كان يعاني من الربو وسبق تعرضه لسكتة دماغية.

وعقب إصابته بالمرض، عانى ويلسون من السعال الشديد لدرجة اعتقاد طبيبه الخاص بأنه تسمم في محاولة اغتيال، كما بدأت أعراض الهلوسة تظهر عليه.

ورغم الوضع الصحي الصعب لويلسون، إلا أن إدارته أحاطت قصة مرضه بسرية بالغة، وقد ساعدها في ذلك آنذاك غياب وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي والتليفزيون.

وبعد شفائه وعودته إلى الولايات المتحدة، ذهب ويلسون في جولة لحشد الدعم لمعاهدة السلام، وقد أصيب بجلطة دماغية في وقت لاحق من ذلك العام وتوفي عام 1924.

ومن أوجه التشابه بين كورونا والإنفلونزا الإسبانية، أنه في عام 1918 أوصت السلطات الناس بضرورة ارتداء أقنعة الوجه لوقف تفشي الفيروس، كما شددوا على التباعد، وحثّوا المواطنين على اتباع إجراءات النظافة العامة.

ومع اندلاع الحرب العالمية، كان يُنظر إلى ارتداء الأقنعة على أنه واجب وطني، وتعرض الأشخاص الذين لم يرتدوها للتشهير لدفعهم للبسها.

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