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Warning: The magic method OriginCode_Gallery_Video::__wakeup() must have public visibility in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/smart-grid-gallery/smart-video-gallery.php on line 86

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the redux-framework domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the redux-framework domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the wp-plugin-hostgator domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the wp-plugin-hostgator domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Deprecated: Optional parameter $error declared before required parameter $submit_result is implicitly treated as a required parameter in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/youtube-showcase/includes/emd-form-builder-lite/emd-form-frontend.php on line 996

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Deprecated: Return type of Recursive_ArrayAccess::count() should either be compatible with Countable::count(): int, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/youtube-showcase/assets/ext/emd-session/includes/class-recursive-arrayaccess.php on line 202

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Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Redux_Text::$select2_config is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/woo-iqonic-api/redux-framework/redux-core/inc/classes/class-redux-field.php on line 163

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اكتشاف مفاجئ في صحاري الأرض "القاحلة"! - Algerian Express

اكتشاف مفاجئ في صحاري الأرض “القاحلة”!


Deprecated: preg_split(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($limit) of type int is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/themes/jannah/framework/functions/post-functions.php on line 761

كشفت بيانات أن هناك نحو 1.8 مليار شجرة تنتشر في أجزاء من صحراء غرب إفريقيا والساحل الإفريقي، وما يسمى بالمنطقة شبه الرطبة، ما يقلب الافتراضات السابقة حول مثل هذه الموائل

وقال المعد الرئيسي مارتن برانت، لوكالة AFP: “فوجئنا جدا بوجود الكثير من الأشجار التي تنمو في الصحراء الكبرى”.

وأضاف برانت، أستاذ الجغرافيا المساعد في جامعة كوبنهاغن: “بالتأكيد توجد مساحات شاسعة بدون أي أشجار، ولكن، ما تزال هناك مناطق ذات كثافة شجرية عالية، وحتى بين الكثبان الرملية توجد هنا وهناك بعض الأشجار”.

ويزود المسح الباحثين ودعاة الحفاظ على البيئة ببيانات يمكن أن تساعد في توجيه الجهود لمكافحة إزالة الغابات، وقياس تخزين الكربون بشكل أكثر دقة على الأرض.

وقال جيسي ماير، المبرمج في مركز جودارد لرحلات الفضاء التابع لوكالة ناسا: “من أجل الحفظ والاستعادة وتغير المناخ وما إلى ذلك، فإن بيانات مثل هذه مهمة جدا لإنشاء خط أساس”.

وأوضح في بيان صحفي لوكالة ناسا: “في غضون عام أو عامين أو عشرة، يمكن تكرار الدراسة لمعرفة ما إذا كانت جهود تنشيط وتقليل إزالة الغابات فعالة أم لا”.

ولم يكن العثور على الأشجار وعدّها مهمة سهلة. وفي المناطق التي يوجد بها الكثير من الأشجار، تظهر كتل سميكة من النمو بشكل واضح نسبيا في صور الأقمار الصناعية، حتى عند الدقة المنخفضة، ويمكن تمييزها بسهولة عن الأرض الخالية.

ولكن عندما تكون أكثر انتشارا، يمكن أن تكون صور القمر الصناعي منخفضة الدقة للغاية بحيث لا يمكن انتقاء الأشجار الفردية، أو حتى المجموعات الصغيرة.

وتوصل برانت وفريقه إلى حل يقرن صور الأقمار الصناعية بدقة عالية جدا بالتعلم العميق – تدريب برنامج كمبيوتر بشكل أساسي على القيام بالعمل نيابة عنهم. ولكن هذا لا يعني أنه يمكنهم الجلوس وانتظار النتائج.

وقبل أن يبدأ برنامج التعلم العميق في العمل، كان لا بد من تدريبه، وهي عملية مرهقة شهدت وصف ما يقرب من 90 ألف شجرة، واستغرق الأمر من برانت سنة كاملة.

وقال: “مستوى التفاصيل مرتفع للغاية، ويحتاج النموذج إلى معرفة كيف تبدو كل أنواع الأشجار المختلفة في المناظر الطبيعية المختلفة. لم أقبل أخطاء التصنيف والمزيد من التدريب عندما رأيت أشجارا مصنفة بشكل خاطئ”.

وكشف أن الأمر يستحق الجهد المبذول، ما سمح بحساب ما كان سيستغرق ملايين الأشخاص سنوات من العمل، في غضون ساعات فقط.

وغطى الاستطلاع، الذي نُشر يوم الأربعاء في مجلة Nature، مساحة تبلغ 1.3 مليون كيلومتر مربع، وشمل تحليلا لأكثر من 11000 صورة.

وتشير هذه التقنية إلى أنه “من الممكن قريبا، مع بعض القيود، رسم خريطة لموقع وحجم كل شجرة في جميع أنحاء العالم”، كما كتب الباحثون.

وقال برانت إن المعلومات الأفضل قد تساعد في تحديد كمية الكربون المخزنة في هذه المواقع، والتي لا يتم تضمينها عادة في النماذج المناخية.

وهو يأمل الآن في استخدام هذه التقنية في مكان آخر، لرسم خرائط أكثر من الأشجار التي كانت مخبأة سابقا في 65 مليون كيلومتر مربع من المناطق القاحلة في العالم.

المصدر: ساينس ألرت

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