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بريطانيا..إكتشاف "علامات سحر" من العصور الوسطى "لطرد الأرواح الشريرة" - Algerian Express

بريطانيا..إكتشاف “علامات سحر” من العصور الوسطى “لطرد الأرواح الشريرة”


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الجيريان اكسبرس: اكتشف علماء الآثار خلال التنقيب عن بقايا كنيسة من العصور الوسطى في جنوب شرق إنجلترا، بعض المنحوتات الحجرية الغريبة والكتابات على الجدران وغيرها من العلامات الغامضة.

ومن بين أكثر هذه الأشياء غموضا التي تم الكشف عنها في موقع كنيسة القديسة ماري، زوج من الحجارة مع ثقوب محفورة في مركزهما، تشع منهما سلسلة من الخطوط في شكل دائرة.

ويشك علماء الآثار في أن هذه العلامات هي “علامات سحرة”، أو رموز حماية طقسية أو علامات السحر الواقية من الشر الأكثر شيوعا المعروفة باسم apotropaic، تم إنشاؤها لدرء الأرواح الشريرة عن طريق حبسها في خط أو متاهة لا نهاية لها.

ويعرف مصطلح apotropaic بأنه مشتق من الكلمة اليونانية apotrepein والتي تعني درء أو منع، وتشير إلى تفادي الشر.


وعادة ما يتم كتابة هذه العلامات على الحجر أو الأعمال الخشبية بالقرب من مداخل المنازل، في محاولة خرافية لحماية الناس من السحرة والأرواح الشريرة.

وهناك العديد من الأمثلة على مثل هذه الخدوش في جميع أنحاء بريطانيا في كل من الكنائس وكذلك المنازل وحتى على الأثاث.

ومع ذلك، فإن التفسير الأقل إثارة للجدل هو أنها مجرد أمثلة مبكرة لقرص الشمس. وتستخدم الكنيسة هذه العلامة لتقسيم اليوم وأوقات الصلاة.

ولكن مثل هذه القطع، توجد عادة بالقرب من الباب الجنوبي للكنيسة، وهو وضع أكثر ملاءمة لالتقاط أشعة الشمس.

وفي سانت ماري، تم العثور على أحد الأمثلة على العلامات في الأسفل في الدعامة الغربية بالقرب من مستوى الأرض، ما دفع علماء الآثار للتشكيك في هدفها الحقيقي.

وذلك لأن الوضع المنخفض للحجر كان يعني أنه لم يكن ليخدم أي غرض مثل قرص الشمس.

وبالتالي، فإن الاحتمال الوحيد المتبقي هو على الأقل استخدام بعض هذه العلامات الغامضة كرموز سحرية لدرء الأرواح الشريرة.

ويأتي هذا الاكتشاف خلال أعمال الحفر الجارية لإعداد المنطقة لمشروع خط سكة حديد عالي السرعة مخطط له في المملكة المتحدة يطلق عليه اسم High Speed ​​2.

وقال مايكل كورت، كبير علماء الآثار في فريق High Speed ​​2 أو كما يعرف اختصارا باسم HS2، في بيان: “إن العمل في علم الآثار الذي يتم تنفيذه كجزء من مشروع HS2 يسمح لنا بالكشف عن سنوات من التراث والتاريخ البريطاني ومشاركته مع العالم”.

وأضاف: “الاكتشافات مثل هذه العلامات غير العادية فتحت نقاشات حول الغرض منها واستخدامها، ما يوفر نظرة رائعة على الماضي.”

كما تم منح علماء الآثار في الموقع فرصة نادرة للتنقيب عن بقايا الكنيسة من العصور الوسطى وتفكيكها، وهو أمر لم يحدث في بريطانيا منذ أكثر من 40 عاما.

ويُعتقد أن الكنيسة وقع بناؤها لخدمة قصر ريفي قريب. ووقع استبدالها عام 1866 عندما أقيمت كنيسة جديدة بالقرب من القرية.

وعلى الرغم من أنه كان من المعروف أن الكنيسة وقع هدمها، إلا أن طريقة ومدى الهدم لم يتم تسجيلهما.

لذلك فوجئ علماء الآثار باكتشاف كيف نجت الكنيسة على ارتفاع 5 أقدام تقريبا مع وجود أرضيات سليمة تحت الأنقاض.

سمح البحث التفصيلي في هيكل الكنيسة الآن لعلماء الآثار بتجميع كيفية تطور كنيسة سانت ماري.

وسيستمر العمل على تفكيك الكنيسة وحفرها حتى عام 2021 وسيحاول علماء الآثار معرفة المزيد عن الكنيسة وهندستها المعمارية، بما في ذلك اكتشاف ما إذا كانت هناك كنيسة سكسونية تقع تحت أرضيتها.

المصدر: إكسبرس

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