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علماء الفلك يكتشفون إشارة لاسلكية من "عالم غريب" - Algerian Express

علماء الفلك يكتشفون إشارة لاسلكية من “عالم غريب”


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الجيريان اكسبرس: اكتشف علماء الفلك لأول مرة إشارة لاسلكية محتملة من كوكب خارجي بعيد، حيث وصفوا هذا الاكتشاف بأنه “طريقة جديدة لفحص العوالم الفضائية”.

وقام علماء الفلك الذين كانوا يجتاحون سماء الليل بمصفوفة تلسكوب راديوي، بتتبع الاندفاع الراديوي إلى كوكبة العواء الشمالية. وتشير الأدلة الأولية إلى أن الإشارة تنشأ من كوكب وحيد يدور حول نظام نجمي مزدوج لـ Tau Bootes (وهي نجوم دامجة للهيدروجين تنتمي إلى النوع الطيفي F).
وإذا تأكد هذا الاكتشاف، فسيكون أول مرة يتم فيها اكتشاف انفجار راديوي ينبعث من كوكب بعيد جدا عن نطاق نظامنا الشمسي.

وقاد الاكتشاف الرائد باحثون من جامعة كورنيل في الولايات المتحدة، والذين قدموا نتائجهم في مجلة Astronomy and Astrophysics يوم 16 ديسمبر.

وقال الباحث في مرحلة ما بعد الدكتوراه جيك دي تورنر من جامعة كورنيل: “نقدم واحدة من أولى التلميحات لاكتشاف كوكب خارج المجموعة الشمسية في حقل راديوي. وتأتي الإشارة من نظام Tau Bootes، الذي يحتوي على نجم ثنائي وكوكب خارجي. ونحن نؤيد نظرية الانبعاث من الكوكب نفسه”.

وأضاف: “قوة واستقطاب إشارة الراديو والمجال المغناطيسي للكوكب، متوافقة مع التوقعات النظرية”.

وتم إرجاع إشارة الراديو إلى هذا الكوكب باستخدام تلسكوب راديوي منخفض التردد (LOFAR) في هولندا.

ولاحظ الفلكيون أيضا انبعاثات راديوية إضافية في نظام Cancri 55 (السرطان 55 e) ومنظومة “إبسلون اندروميدا” (Upsilon Andromedae).
وقال راي جاياواردهانا، مستشار ما بعد الدكتوراه وأستاذ علم الفلك في جامعة كورنيل: “إذا تم تأكيد ذلك من خلال ملاحظات المتابعة، فإن هذا الاكتشاف الراديوي يفتح نافذة جديدة على الكواكب الخارجية، ما يمنحنا طريقة جديدة لفحص العوالم الفضائية التي تمتد بعيدا لعشرات السنين الضوئية”.

ويقع نظام Tau Bootes على بعد 51 سنة ضوئية تقريبا من كوكبنا الأصلي. ويستضيف النظام ما يسمى بكوكب المشتري الساخن، وهو عملاق غازي يشبه كوكب المشتري الذي يدور حول نجمه عن كثب.

ولسوء الحظ لعشاق الكائنات الفضائية المتفائلين، لا يعني الاكتشاف أن الكائنات الفضائية تحاول الاتصال بنا.

وبدلا من ذلك، ألقت الانفجارات الراديوية الضوء على المجال المغناطيسي الفريد للمشتري الساخن.

ووفقا لوكالة الفضاء الأمريكية ناسا، يمكن للأجسام الفلكية ذات الحقول المغناطيسية المتغيرة أن تنتج موجات راديو.

لكن القدرة على دراسة المجال المغناطيسي للكوكب من خلال هذه الانبعاثات يمكن أن تلقي الضوء على إمكانية استضافة الحياة.

والحقول المغناطيسية، مثل تلك الموجودة على الأرض، تحمي الكواكب من الظواهر الكونية الضارة مثل الإشعاع الفضائي والرياح الشمسية.

وقال الدكتور تيرنر: “المجال المغناطيسي للكواكب الخارجية الشبيهة بالأرض قد يساهم في إمكانية استضافتها الحياة، من خلال حماية الغلاف الجوي الخاص بها من الرياح الشمسية والأشعة الكونية، وحماية الكوكب من ضياع الغلاف الجوي”.

وبدأ البحث عن هذا الاندفاع الراديوي قبل عامين عندما قام الفلكيون بفحص الانبعاثات الراديوية من كوكب المشتري.

وبدأ الفريق بعد ذلك بتوسيع نطاق البيانات لتقليد الإشارات المحتملة من عوالم شبيهة بالمشتري والتي تقع على بعد 100 سنة ضوئية.

وبعد ذلك، عقب فحص ما يقرب من 100 ساعة من الملاحظات الراديوية، تم الكشف عن إشارة محتملة في Tau Bootes.

وقال الدكتور تيرنر: “تعلمنا من كوكب المشتري الخاص بنا كيف يبدو هذا النوع من الاكتشاف. ذهبنا للبحث عنه ووجدناه”.

إلا أن الباحث لاحظ أن الإشارة ضعيفة ولا يزال هناك بعض الغموض حول مصدرها.

ويقوم علماء الفلك الآن بإجراء ملاحظات متابعة باستخدام تلسكوبات راديوية متعددة. وقال الدكتور تورنر: “ما يزال هناك شيء من عدم اليقين بأن إشارة الراديو المكتشفة من الكوكب. إن الحاجة إلى ملاحظات المتابعة أمر بالغ الأهمية”.

المصدر: إكسبريس

Algerian Express/الجزائر/اخبار الجزائر/امريكا/اخبار امريكا

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