Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the chaty domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the redux-framework domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the redux-framework domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the wp-plugin-hostgator domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the wp-plugin-hostgator domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

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كيف مات المريخ؟.. علماء يكشفون سر فناء "الكوكب الأحمر" - Algerian Express

كيف مات المريخ؟.. علماء يكشفون سر فناء “الكوكب الأحمر”


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كشف باحثون بجامعة أريزونا الأميركية في دراسة نشرت نتائجها بمجلة “ساينس” العلمية، أن المريخ لم يكن ميتا كما هو الآن، مشيرين إلى الأسباب التي قادته لوضعه الراهن.

وكانت أقمار صناعية قد توصلت إلى أدلة تفيد بأن سهول المريخ المغبرة حاليا كانت تجري فيها الأنهار، كما أن مناخ الكوكب الأحمر الدافئ والرطب قد وفّر مناخا مثاليا لتكاثر الميكروبات كما هي الحال مع الأرض.

وأرجع العلماء الجفاف الذي يعاني منه المريخ لخسارته للغلاف الجوي، حيث تطايرت جزيئات الماء على نحو سريع للغاية.

وتعليقا على نتائج الدراسة، قال الخبير المتخصص بكيمياء الكواكب بجامعة أريزونا شين ستون، إن جفاف الماء يتم بسهولة عند حدوث تلف للغلاف الجوي، حسبما نقل موقع مجلة “بوبيولار ساينس” المتخصص بالأخبار العلمية.

وطبقا للدراسة فإنه من المحتمل أن يكون المريخ شبيها بكوكب الأرض في الأيام الأولى لولادة نظامنا الشمسي، حيث يحتوي كلا الكوكبين على نوى معدنية منصهرة ذات شحنة، وكانت تتجاوب مع التيارات مشكلة حواجز مغناطيسية تحميها من الرياح الشمسية والإشعاعات والتوهجات القوية، الأمر الذي جعل المياه متوفرة عليها في بادئ الأمر.

وخلافا للأرض، تجمّد لب المريخ، وهو ما قاد لانهيار الحاجز المغناطيسي الواقي، وأزاحت الشمس جزءا كبيرا من الغلاف الجوي، ليتبخر الماء في الفضاء، قبل ثلاثة مليارات عام، طبقا لبيانات القمر الصناعي “مافن” والذي يدور حول الكوكب الأحمر منذ عام 2014.

وبعد جمع “مافن” عينات من الأيونات المنبعثة من مياه المريخ، تفاجئ ستون وزملاؤه من العلماء، أن كميات كبيرة من المياه كانت تتطاير على بعد 90 ميلا فوق السطح، ليرتفع إلى الغلاف الجوي متحولا إلى أوكسجين يواصل تحلله، وهيدروجين يبتعد عن الكوكب لوزنه الخفيف.

وبتحليل كيفية تغيّر محتوى الماء في الغلاف الجوي العلوي بمرور الوقت، كشف الفريق أيضا عن احتمالين حول سبب وجود مثل هذه الرطوبة الرديئة في المريخ.

ورصد “مافن” مناخا يصبح جافا للغاية في الشتاء ومعدوم الهواء صيفا، هذا إلى جانب العواصف الترابية والتي تتسبب باستهلاك المياه وارتفاع الرطوبة بالغلاف الجوي العلوي إلى ما يقارب العشرين ضعف مقارنة بالمستوى الطبيعي.

وأوضح ستون أن العوامل السابقة لعبت دورا محوريا في تصلب نواة المريخ بعد ارتفاع كبير بحرارة الغلاف الجوي، مقدّرا أنه على مدى المليار سنة الماضية، تسببت الحرارة والعواصف الترابية بفقدان الكوكب لكميات هائلة من المياه كانت كافية على مدار تاريخه في إغراق الكوكب بمحيط يتراوح عمقه بين عشرات ومئات الأقدام.

واستبعد ستون أن تفقد الأرض المياه بمعدل بطيء جدا مقارنة بما حدث للكوكب الأحمر، لافتا إلى أنه أمامنا ما بين مليار إلى ملياري سنة حتى تنفد مواردنا المائية لارتفاع الحرارة بمعدلات تصل لمئات الدرجات.

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