Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the chaty domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the redux-framework domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the redux-framework domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the wp-plugin-hostgator domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the wp-plugin-hostgator domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Deprecated: Return type of Recursive_ArrayAccess::offsetExists($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetExists(mixed $offset): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/youtube-showcase/assets/ext/emd-session/includes/class-recursive-arrayaccess.php on line 76

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Deprecated: Return type of Recursive_ArrayAccess::count() should either be compatible with Countable::count(): int, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/youtube-showcase/assets/ext/emd-session/includes/class-recursive-arrayaccess.php on line 202

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php:6131) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/youtube-showcase/assets/ext/emd-session/includes/class-emd-wp-session.php on line 134

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Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property NewfoldLabs\WP\Module\ComingSoon::$container is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/wp-plugin-hostgator/vendor/newfold-labs/wp-module-coming-soon/includes/coming-soon.php on line 17

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Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Redux_Slides::$select2_config is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/woo-iqonic-api/redux-framework/redux-core/inc/classes/class-redux-field.php on line 163

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Redux_Text::$field is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/woo-iqonic-api/redux-framework/redux-core/inc/classes/class-redux-field.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Redux_Text::$select2_config is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/woo-iqonic-api/redux-framework/redux-core/inc/classes/class-redux-field.php on line 163

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Redux_Text::$field is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/woo-iqonic-api/redux-framework/redux-core/inc/classes/class-redux-field.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Redux_Text::$select2_config is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/woo-iqonic-api/redux-framework/redux-core/inc/classes/class-redux-field.php on line 163

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Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Redux_Text::$select2_config is deprecated in /home1/express/public_html/wp-content/plugins/woo-iqonic-api/redux-framework/redux-core/inc/classes/class-redux-field.php on line 163

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دراسة البركان الأكثر نشاطا في العالم تؤدي إلى اكتشاف مفاجئ - Algerian Express

دراسة البركان الأكثر نشاطا في العالم تؤدي إلى اكتشاف مفاجئ


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يبدو أن أكثر البراكين نشاطا في العالم مليء بالمياه، وفقا للعلماء الذين حللوا البركان العنيف على أمل العثور على أدلة تسمح للخبراء بمعرفة المزيد حول كيفية عمل البراكين.

ويعد بركان شيفيلوتش، الواقع في شمال شرق روسيا، أحد أكثر البراكين نشاطا في العالم. واندلع البركان في منطقة كامتشاتكا النائية على نطاق واسع بأكثر من 40 مرة في العشرة آلاف عام الماضية.

وحدث آخر ثوران كبير في عام 1964 عندما كان انفجار من شيفيلوتش قويا لدرجة أنه أحدث حفرة جديدة.

وما زال شيفيلوتش إلى الآن ينفجر بشكل مستمر، وإن كان على نطاق صغير، لمدة 20 عاما مذهلة. وعلى هذا النحو، يعد أحد أكثر البراكين نشاطا على هذا الكوكب.

وفوجئ الباحثون الذين يأملون في اكتشاف ما يجعل البركان نشيطا عندما علموا أن الماء يلعب دورا رئيسيا.

وحلل علماء من جامعة واشنطن في سانت لويس، بالقرب من البركان، عقيدات صغيرة من الصهارة البدائية التي اندلعت من البركان.

وقالت طالبة الدراسات العليا أندريا غولتز، التي كانت المؤلفة الرئيسية للدراسة: “المعادن الموجودة في هذه العقيدات تحتفظ ببصمات ما كان يحدث في وقت مبكر من تطور الصهارة، في أعماق قشرة الأرض”.

ووفقا للبحث المنشور في مجلة Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology، فإن الصهارة التي تم تحليلها تشير إلى أن الظروف داخل بركان شيفيلوتش تشمل ما يقارب 10% إلى 14% من وزن الماء.
ومعظم البراكين، كمرجع، تحتوي على أقل من 1% من الماء. وكان العلماء مهتمين بشكل خاص بمعدن يسمى الأمفيبول. ويعمل الأمفيبول كمؤشر جيد لمحتوى الماء في درجة حرارة معروفة.

وتخبر المادة الكيميائية المكونة من الأمفيبول العلماء عن كمية الماء الموجودة في الأعماق تحت شيفيلوتش.

وقال مايكل كراوتشينسكي، الأستاذ المساعد في علوم الأرض والكواكب في الآداب والعلوم بجامعة واشنطن في سانت لويس: “عندما تقوم بتحويل كيمياء هذين المعدنين، الأمفيبول والزبرجد الزيتوني، إلى درجات حرارة ومحتويات مائية كما فعلنا في هذه الورقة، كانت النتائج رائعة من حيث كمية الماء وانخفاض درجة الحرارة التي نسجلها”.

“واضاف: “الطريقة الوحيدة للحصول على مواد بدائية ونقية في درجات حرارة منخفضة هي إضافة الكثير والكثير من الماء”.

“وتابع: “إضافة الماء إلى الصخور له نفس تأثير إضافة الملح إلى الجليد، فأنت بذلك تخفض درجة الانصهار”.

المصدر: إكسبريس

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