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مركب في الشاي الأخضر يعزز مستويات "حارس الجينوم" لتدمير الخلايا السرطانية - Algerian Express

مركب في الشاي الأخضر يعزز مستويات “حارس الجينوم” لتدمير الخلايا السرطانية


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الجيريان اكسبرس: قد يزيد أحد مضادات الأكسدة الموجودة في الشاي الأخضر من مستويات البروتين 53 (p53)، وهو بروتين طبيعي مضاد للسرطان، يُعرف باسم “حارس الجينوم” و”مثبط الأورام”.

ويعرف البروتين 53 بقدرته على إصلاح تلف الحمض النووي أو تدمير الخلايا السرطانية. ونشرت دراسة حديثة في مجلة Nature Communications، تشير إلى التفاعل المباشر بين p53 ومركب الشاي الأخضر epigallocatechin gallate، أو كما يعرف اختصارا باسم EGCG، ما يثير هدفا جديدا لاكتشاف أدوية السرطان.

قال تشونيو وانغ، الباحث المشارك في الدراسة وأستاذ العلوم البيولوجية في معهد Rensselaer Polytechnic: “جزيئات p53 وEGCG مثيرة للغاية. تم العثور على الطفرات في p53 في أكثر من 50% من السرطان البشري، بينما EGCG هو مضاد الأكسدة الرئيسي في الشاي الأخضر، وهو مشروب شائع في جميع أنحاء العالم .. ووجدنا الآن أن هناك تفاعلا مباشرا غير معروف سابقا بين الاثنين، ما يشير إلى مسار جديد لتطوير الأدوية المضادة للسرطان. ويساعد عملنا في شرح كيف أن EGCG قادرة على تعزيز نشاط p53 المضاد للسرطان، ما يفتح الباب لتطوير الأدوية بمركبات شبيهة بـ EGCG”.

ويعتبر وانغ، العضو في مركز Rensselaer Polytechnic للتقنية الحيوية والدراسات متعددة التخصصات، خبيرا في استخدام التحليل الطيفي بالرنين المغناطيسي النووي لدراسة آليات محددة في أمراض ألزهايمر والسرطان، بما في ذلك البروتين p53، الذي وصفه بأنه “أهم بروتين في سرطان الإنسان”.
ويحتوي P53 على العديد من الوظائف المعروفة المضادة للسرطان، بما في ذلك وقف نمو الخلايا للسماح بإصلاح الحمض النووي، وتفعيل إصلاح الحمض النووي، والبدء في الموت المبرمج للخلية الحية، ويسمى الاستماتة، إذا تعذر إصلاح تلف الحمض النووي.

وأحد طرفي البروتين، المعروف باسم المجال الطرفي N، له شكل مرن، وبالتالي، يمكن أن يؤدي وظائف عديدة حسب تفاعله مع جزيئات متعددة.

ويوصف EGCG بأنه أحد مضادات الأكسدة الطبيعية، ما يعني أنه يساعد على التراجع عن الضرر شبه المستمر الناجم عن استخدام التمثيل الغذائي للأكسجين. ويوجد بوفرة في الشاي الأخضر، كما يتم تعبئة EGCG كمكمل عشبي.

ووجد فريق وانغ أن التفاعل بين EGCG وp53 يحافظ على البروتين من التدهور. وعادة، بعد إنتاجه داخل الجسم، يتحلل البروتين p53 بسرعة عندما يتفاعل المجال الطرفي N مع بروتين يسمى MDM2. وهذه الدورة المنتظمة للإنتاج والتدهور تحمل مستويات p53 عند ثابت منخفض.

وقال وانغ: “كل من EGCG وMDM2 مرتبطان في نفس المكان على p53، وهو المجال الطرفي N، لذا فإن EGCG يتنافس مع MDM2. وعندما يرتبط EGCG بـ p53، لا يتم تحلل البروتين من خلال MDM2، وبالتالي فإن مستوى p53 سيزداد مع التفاعل المباشر مع EGCG، وهذا يعني أن هناك المزيد من p53 لوظيفة مكافحة السرطان. وهذا تفاعل مهم للغاية”.

المصدر: medicalxpress

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