Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the chaty domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the redux-framework domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the redux-framework domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the wp-plugin-hostgator domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the wp-plugin-hostgator domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

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متى يحقق العالم مناعة القطيع ضد كورونا؟.. الخبراء يجيبون - Algerian Express

متى يحقق العالم مناعة القطيع ضد كورونا؟.. الخبراء يجيبون


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يخوض العالم سباقا ضد الزمن من أجل تلقيح أكبر عدد ممكن من الناس ضد فيروس كورونا المستجد، بعدما أدى الوباء إلى إصابة عشرات الملايين من الأشخاص وأودى بحياة ما يزيد عن 1.5 مليون مصاب.

وفي خضم هذه الحملات الدؤوبة للتطعيم، تطرح تساؤلات حول الموعد المحتمل لبلوغ المناعة الجماعية أو ما يوصف بـ”مناعة القطيع”، وهي مرحلة ضرورية من أجل عودة الحياة بشكل طبيعي.

والمقصود بتحقق المناعة الجماعية، هو أن يكتسب معظم الناس، في مجتمع ما، مناعة ضد عدوى معينة، فلا تكون إصابتهم بها مصدرا للقلق الصحي، أو أن العدوى تبقى في نطاق محدود وقابل للسيطرة الطبية.

وتتحقق المناعة، عبر طريقتين، فإما أن الأشخاص يصابون بالفيروس ويطورون أجساما مضادة، فيصبحوا محصنين لفترة قصيرة أو طويلة من الزمن ضد المرض، أو من خلال أخذ لقاح مضاد.

في السويد، مثلا، جرى الرهان على تخفيف القيود من أجل تحقيق المناعة الجماعية، خلال العام الجاري، لكن هذا الخيار لم يسلم من الانتقادات، لأنه اعتبر مضرا بكبار السن والأكثر عرضة لمضاعفات كورونا.

ومنذ بدء جائحة كورونا، يشاع في الأوساط العلمية أن الحد المطلوب لتحقيق المناعة الجماعية يتراوح بين 60 و70 في المئة من السكان، وهذه النسبة معتمدة أيضا من قبل منظمة الصحة العالمية، وغالبا ما يشار إليها في النقاشات الطبية.

في المقابل، يرى أكاديميون أميركيون أن من المستحيل أن نحدد بشكل دقيق، المرحلة التي سيتوقف فيها الوباء عن الانتشار، حتى وإن كان إعطاء موعد تقريبي أمرا ممكنا إلى حد ما.

وفي الولايات المتحدة، مثلا، وهو البلد الأكثر تضررا من جراء الوباء، شرع كبير مستشاري الأمراض المعدية، أنتوني فاوتشي، في رفع النسبة المطلوبة لأجل تحقيق المناعة الجماعية.
وخلال الأسبوع الماضي، قال فاوتشي إن تحقيق المناعة الجماعية يستوجب نسبة التحصين المناعي لما بين 75 و80 في المئة من السكان، مما يعني أن هذه المرحلة ستحتاج مزيدا من الوقت، بحسب “نيويورك تايمز”.

ويأتي الانتقال إلى هذه النسبة، بينما كان يتحدث في الشهر الماضي عن نسبة بين 60 و70 في المئة، أما في البداية، فكان فاوتشي يعتمد أرقام منظمة الصحة العالمية.

وأوضح فاوتشي أنه أحدث تغييرا في تقديراته، نظرا إلى وجود مستجدات علمية، ولأن الشعب الأميركي “بات جاهزا أيضا لأن يسمع الحقيقة”.

وأضاف أن ربما يكون الأمر صعبا أو ذا وقع سيء، لكنه يرجح أن تحقيق المناعة الجماعية يتطلب تحصين ما يقارب 90 في المئة من السكان في دولة من الدول.

وذكر أن النسبة المتراوحة بين 60 و70 في المئة منخفضة جدا، دون شك، لاسيما أن الفيروس صار أكثر قدرة على التفشي، وهذا يعني أن المجتمع يحتاج إلى مناعة أكبر حتى يتمكن من كبحه.

وأوضح فاوتشي أنه تردد في رفع هذه النسبة، قبل أسبوعين، لأن الكثير من الأميركيين بدوا مترددين إزاء اللقاحات، بينما يتطلب بلوغ هذه المناعة أن يقبل الناس على أخذ الجرعات وتحصين أنفسهم.

التلقيح هو المحدد

وبما أن دول العالم تتفاوت بشكل صارخ، على مستوى قدرات التلقيح، فإن بلوغ 80 في المئة أو أعلى من ذلك، أي مرحلة المناعة الجماعية، سيختلف من دولة إلى أخرى.

ولم تبدأ حملة التلقيح ضد فيروس كورونا في كثير من الدول، إلا خلال الأسابيع الأخيرة، بينما تسارع شركات الأدوية التي طورت لقاحات جاهزة إلى إمداد الحكومات بشحنات غير كافية من جرعات اللقاح.

وفي تقديرات علمية منشورة بصحيفة “هارفارد غازيت”، فإن تحقيق المناعة الجماعية في الولايات المتحدة، قد لا يتم قبل نهاية سنة 2021، وعندئذ، ستكون العودة إلى الحياة الطبيعية أمرا ممكنا.

وفي المنحى نفسه، رجحت تقديرات شركة “ماكنزي” أن تتحقق المناعة الجماعية، خلال النصف الثاني من العام المقبل، لكن هذا الأمر سيكون ممكنا، إذا ثبتت نجاعة اللقاحات.

أما إذا ظهرت أي مشاكل في فعالية اللقاحات، فإن العودة إلى الحياة الطبيعية قد تتأخر حتى سنة 2022، أو ربما أبعد من ذلك.

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