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Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the redux-framework domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the redux-framework domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the wp-plugin-hostgator domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the wp-plugin-hostgator domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home1/express/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6131

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الإنفاق العسكري في 2019 بلغ أعلى مستوياته منذ الحرب الباردة.. والسعودية في صدارة الدول العربية - Algerian Express

الإنفاق العسكري في 2019 بلغ أعلى مستوياته منذ الحرب الباردة.. والسعودية في صدارة الدول العربية


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بلغ الإنفاق العسكري العالميّ عام 2019 أعلى مستوياته منذ نهاية الحرب الباردة، واحتلّت الولايات المتحدة الصدارة من حيث حجم الإنفاق، على ما أفاد الإثنين تقرير لمعهد ستوكهولم الدولي لأبحاث السلام (سيبري).

على مدار العام ككلّ، ارتفع الإنفاق العسكري إلى 1.917 مليار دولار (1.782 مليار يورو) في العالم، أي بزيادةٍ سنويّة قدرها 3.6% هي الأكبر منذ 2010.

وقال نان تيان، الباحث في سيبري، ردا على سؤال لوكالة فرانس برس إنّ “الإنفاق العسكري بلغ أعلى مستوى له منذ نهاية الحرب الباردة” عام 1989.

وتبقى الميزانيّة التي خصّصتها الولايات المتحدة، الأولى في هذا المجال، وقد زادت بنسبة 5,3% عام 2019 إلى 732 مليار دولار، أي ما نسبته 38% من الإنفاق العالمي. وبعد سبع سنوات من التراجع، عاود الإنفاق العسكري للبلاد الارتفاع عام 2018.

وراء الولايات المتحدة، تأتي الصين مع 261 مليار دولار، بزيادة 5,1% على مدى عام واحد، والهند مع 71,1 مليار دولار (+ 6,8% على مدى عام).

وكان الإنفاق العسكريّ للصين خلال السنوات الـ25 الماضية قد جاء متوازيًا مع منحنى النموّ الاقتصادي للبلاد. وتعكس الاستثمارات رغبة الصين في “جيش من الطراز العالمي”، حسب ما قال نان تيان.

وأضاف “الصين أعلنت صراحة أنّها تريد بشكل أساسي التنافس مع الولايات المتحدة كقوة عسكرية عظمى”.

وفي ما يتعلّق بالهند، قال سيمون وايزمان وهو باحث آخر في المعهد إنّ “التوتّرات وتنافس الهند مع باكستان والصين هما من بين عوامل زيادة الإنفاق العسكري” للبلاد.

والدول الخمس الكبار من حيث الإنفاق – بينها روسيا والسعوديّة – أنفقت جميعها أكثر من 60 في المئة من حجم الإنفاق العسكري العالمي.

أمّا ألمانيا التي حلّت سابعة وراء فرنسا، فسجّلت من جهتها أقوى زيادة في لائحة الدول الـ15 الأكثر إنفاقا: فقد زاد إنفاقها بنسبة 10% عام 2019 إلى 49,3 مليار دولار، ويعود ذلك جزئيًا إلى المخاوف من تهديد روسي، حسب معدّي التقرير.

وفي حين أشار تيان إلى أن “نموّ الإنفاق العسكري تسارع في السنوات الأخيرة”، حذّر في الوقت نفسه من أنّ هذا الميل قد ينعكس بسبب فيروس كورونا المستجدّ الذي يهز الاقتصاد العالمي.

وبينما يتّجه العالم نحو حالة من الركود، اعتبر تيان أنّه سيتعيّن على الحكومات إعادة النظر في الإنفاق بالمجال العسكري وتوجيهه نحو قطاعات مثل الصحة والتعليم.

واضاف تيان ان ما يجري “يُرجَّح ان يكون له تأثير حقيقي على الإنفاق العسكري”.

لكنّ الباحث اوضح أن الانخفاض في الإنفاق العسكري في سياق أزمة معيّنة لا يدوم طويلاً على الإطلاق. وتابع “يمكن أن نرى انخفاضًا في الإنفاق لمدة تتراوح من سنة إلى ثلاث سنوات، ثمّ زيادةً جديدة في السنوات المقبلة”.

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