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باحثون يزعمون اكتشاف السبب المرجح لاحتمال وفاة مرضى كورونا - Algerian Express

باحثون يزعمون اكتشاف السبب المرجح لاحتمال وفاة مرضى كورونا


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زعمت دراسات مختبرية جديدة أن الكوليسترول قد يساعد الفيروس التاجي على إصابة الخلايا البشرية من خلال العمل كخدمة تحاكي وصف “سيارات أجرة”.

وقد تفسر النتائج السبب في أن الأشخاص الذين يعانون من حالات التمثيل الغذائي، مثل مرض السكري وأمراض القلب والأوعية الدموية، والذين غالبا ما يكون لديهم مستويات مرتفعة من الكوليسترول، يشكلون عددا غير متناسب من المرضى الذين تظهر عليهم أعراض “كوفيد-19” الشديدة.

ووجد الباحثون أن SARS-CoV-2، الفيروس المسبب لـ “كوفيد-19″، يمكن أن يلتصق بجزيئات الكوليسترول لأنها ترتبط بمستقبلات الخلايا العادية، والتي تسمى SR-B1.

ويساعد هذا في وضع العامل الممرض، بحيث يمكن لبروتينه الشائك الارتباط بمستقبل ACE2، ما يسمح له بإصابة الخلية.

وبحثت دراسة نُشرت في Nature Metabolism من قبل باحثين في الأكاديمية الصينية للعلوم الطبية العسكرية، في دور الكوليسترول “الجيد”، والمعروف باسم البروتينات الدهنية عالية الكثافة (HDL)، في الإصابة بفيروس كورونا.

ونظرت الدراسة على وجه التحديد في مستقبل SR-B1، الذي يرتبط بجزيئات الكوليسترول والموجود في الخلايا في جميع أنحاء جسم الإنسان، بما في ذلك الرئتان.

ووجدت الدراسة أن SARS-CoV-2 لا يمكنه استغلال هذا المستقبل بشكل مباشر، ولكن يمكنه الاستفادة من عملية ارتباط الكوليسترول بـ SR-B1 من أجل التسلل إلى الخلايا.

وتتكون النتوءات الفيروسية على فيروس كورونا من قسمين، يُطلق عليهما اسم الوحدة الفرعية 1 والوحدة الفرعية 2.

وفي تجاربهم، وجد العلماء الصينيون وحدة فرعية يمكن أن ترتبط بالكوليسترول. وهذا يعني أنه عندما ينتقل الكوليسترول بشكل طبيعي إلى مستقبله، فإنه يجلب الفيروس التاجي إلى سطح الخلية أيضا.

ويقول الباحثون أن هذا “يعزز امتصاص الفيروس”، ومستقبل الكوليسترول “يسهل دخول SARS-CoV-2 إلى الخلايا التي تعبّر عن ACE2 عن طريق زيادة ارتباط الفيروس”.

واكتشف الباحثون بعد ذلك أنه عن طريق منع SR-B1 وتحييده، يمكن منع العدوى.

ويقولون إن استهداف مستقبل SR-B1 يمكن أن يكون وسيلة محتملة للعلاجات المستقبلية.

وأوضح الباحثون في ورقتهم البحثية: “تُظهر نتائج دراستنا أن SR-B1 يسهل الارتباط الخلوي لـ SARS-CoV-2 والدخول والعدوى”. وبالتالي، قد يمثل SR-B1 هدفا علاجيا للحد من عدوى SARS-CoV-2.

ومن المحتمل أن يفيد هذا الأشخاص المصابين بأمراض مصاحبة محددة أكثر من غيرهم. ويعتبر الأشخاص المصابون بأمراض القلب والسكري، والذين هم أكثر عرضة لارتفاع مستويات HDL، من بين أولئك الذين سيستفيدون أكثر.

وكتب الباحثون: “ترتبط أمراض القلب والأوعية الدموية والسكري بزيادة خطر الإصابة بـ COVID-19 الشديد”.

ويعاني ما يقرب من نصف المرضى المصابين بـ “كوفيد-19” من أمراض كامنة مزمنة، خاصة أمراض القلب والأوعية الدموية والدماغ ومرض السكري.

وبالإضافة إلى ذلك، لوحظت زيادة في معدل وفيات “كوفيد-19” لدى مرضى السمنة أو السكري.

المصدر: ديلي ميل

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